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PublicationOpen Access
Nexus Between Urban Crime and Unemployment in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Eastern African Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2024-06-29) Kibichii, Evanson; Mwaeke, Panuel
This paper establishes the nature of urban crimes prevalent in Nairobi County, Kenya in the context of Kibera and Karen jurisdictions. The paper adopted a descriptive research design and stratified random sampling technique to enlist respondents into the study. The study sample size comprised of 196 respondents and 10 Key Informants (K-I’s). The main data collection methods were the questionnaire for the main respondents and interviews for K.I’s. Quantitative data was analyzed with the aid of a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Frequency distribution tables were used to present data. The findings indicate that; the nature of urban crimes prevalent in Nairobi County in general, specifically in Kibera and Karen jurisdictions were categorized into; violent crimes (44.4%), property crimes (55.4%), and drug-related (10.2%). Violent crimes included; armed robberies, and street robberies. Property crimes included; break-ins, stealing, and muggings. According to 80% of the K.Is, most criminals were mainly unemployed youths, most of them utilizing criminality as a source of livelihood. These youthful criminal gangs waylaid victims going to or from jobs in the evening and early morning to rob or mug them. The study observed that an increase in unemployment led to property crimes, while significant violent crimes were only committed due to the trigger effects of unemployment. This study recommends serious national resource mapping that will factor in industrialization and Job creation for the unemployed. Further, the study recommends Job creation in county governments to discourage rural to urban migrations of job seekers to cities.
PublicationOpen Access
Influence Of Socioeconomic Status On Incidences Of Social Crimes In Mariakani Township, Kilifi County
(International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2024-03-15) Muoki, Festus Muema; Mwangi, Judy W.
Mariakani Township, located in Kilifi County, Kenya, presents a unique challenge in terms of elevated levels of criminality compared to neighboring areas. Despite being situated within Kilifi County, where crime rates are comparatively lower, Mariakani Township stands out due to its disproportionately high incidence of social crimes. Given the gravity of the situation, there was an urgent need to investigate the underlying factors contributing to the disproportionately high incidence of social crimes in Mariakani Township, particularly the influence of low socioeconomic status. The study aimed to achieve several objectives: (i) assess the influence of socioeconomic status on the occurrence of vandalism, (ii) analyze the influence of socioeconomic status on loitering behavior, and (iii) explore the influence of socioeconomic status on disorderly conduct within Mariakani Township. To fulfill these objectives, a descriptive research design is employed, allowing for a systematic investigation into the relationship between poverty and criminality in the township. The research design incorporated guided questionnaires, interview schedules, and analysis of crime reports to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Sampling procedures involved a multistage approach to ensure comprehensive representation of Mariakani Township's population and key informants. A sample size of 395 residents and 10 key informants was calculated using Slovin's formula, ensuring statistical rigor while accounting for the township's population and desired margin of error. Data collection utilized a combination of methods to gather qualitative insights from residents, law enforcement officials, and community stakeholders. Guided questionnaires and interviews were conducted to collect qualitative data, while quantitative data is obtained through analysis of crime reports. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, and measures of central tendency to summarize quantitative data, along with thematic analysis to extract meaningful patterns and themes from qualitative data. The results of the study reveal significant insights into the influence of socioeconomic status on criminality within Mariakani Township. Findings indicate a strong correlation between poverty and social crimes such as vandalism, loitering behavior, and disorderly conduct. Specifically, high levels of socioeconomic deprivation are associated with increased incidence of these social crimes. The study's results underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions aimed at addressing socioeconomic disparities and promoting community well-being in economically deprived communities like Mariakani Township.
PublicationOpen Access
A Biography of The Late Senior Chief Kathuru Nyagah of Thagicu -Kitui County ,Kenya ,1918-1998
(Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 2022-11) Nduku, Peter Mugendi; Wafula, Peter; Nyambura, Ruth
The study of biographies of those personalities who have contributed in one way or the other in influencing history can be quite fascinating because it furthers our understanding of broader issues and processes in any given society. Quite a number of historians have written biographies of those among the colonial chiefs who in one way or another played important roles in shaping the destinies of their people and of this country to a certain extent. There were those who utilized every opportunity created by the colonial officials to improve education, agriculture, health, water and infrastructure in their areas. Such colonial chiefs included senior chief Waruhiu wa Kung‟u, chief Musa Nyandusi, Odera Akong‟o, Njiri wa Karanja and paramount chief Kinyanjui Gathirimu just to name a few. As I read through the literature on colonial chiefs, it occurred to me that there is no one who has written a biography on colonial chiefs in Thagicu District even though there were a few chiefs among them the likes of senior chief Kathuru Nyagah and chief Mwendwa wa Kitavi who played very important roles in shaping the destinies of their people. The mention of the name of senior chief Kathuru among the Thagicu rekindles memories of a leader who through collaboration with colonial officials played a significant role in improving the lives of Thagicu people. Hence it is for this reason that this research was carried out with a view to exposing who chief Kathuru was and how and why he had become what he was. This thesis was an attempt to write the biography of the Late Senior Chief Kathuru Nyagah of Thagicu community
PublicationOpen Access
Hepatitis B Virus Immunity Level in Relation to Vaccine Schedule Among Medical Laboratory Health Care Providers in Machakos County, Kenya
(Journal of Medical and Biomedical Laboratory Sciences Research, 2022-11-17) Kioko, Mohammed Ndunda; Muna, Kennedy; Kangethe, Stanley
Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is categorized in the genus orthohepadnae virus and it encompasses double stranded DNA virus. Viral infection caused by HBV can either be acute or chronic infection. Acute type of HBV infection occurs in the initial six months from birth due to exposure to HBV and in adults there might be no symptoms and no complaint of any clinical signs or symptoms. Methods: Study design used was a cross-sectional study involving all Medical laboratory health care providers was conducted. Hepatitis B Virus surface antigen rapid test and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test were used to test the blood samples collected from the subjects and the results were analyzed using chi-square and verified using Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Results: The study found that the number of participants who were unvaccinated were 16(17.39%) of which 2 had protective immunity and 14(66.66%) had low immunity level. Participants who had received first dose of HBV vaccine were 12 of which 3(14.28%) had low immunity level while 9(12.5%) had protective immunity level. Participants who had received second doses of the vaccine were 11(11.96%) of 2(9.52%) had low HBV immunity level where as 9(12.5%) had protective immunity level. Participants who had complete HBV vaccine doses (3 doses) were 52(56.52%) of which 2(9.52%) had low immunity level while 50(70.42%) had protective immunity level. Conclusion: The research concluded there is need for completion of HBV vaccine schedule of the three doses so as to increase the immunity level since 70.42% of respondents who had completed the three doses had protective immunity levels above the cutoff point recommended by the WHO (≥10 mIU/ml).It is advisable to get a booster vaccine after completion of the three HBV doses according to the vaccine schedule
PublicationOpen Access
Evaluating the capacity of community health volunteers and factors affecting their implementation of community health strategy in Mogotio Sub-County, Baringo, Kenya
(International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2020-09-13) Samuel, Bartena Kimosop; Esilaba, Moses Otiati; Donde, Oscar Omondi
Background: Community health volunteers (CHVs) play key role in the delivery of community health strategy. Mogotio Sub County has a total of thirty-two health facilities with nine established Community Units. However, the dissemination of information on community health strategy to household members is low or non-existence, probably due to poor training and facilitation of CHV and lack of awareness creation to local communities in the implementation of the programme. Methods: Cross-sectional study design was used to collect primary and secondary data through administration of questionnaires to selected respondents in three locations to assess the capacity of CHVs and factors affecting their implementation of community health strategy in Mogotio Sub-County, Baringo, Kenya. Results: The results indicated that 46%, 36% and 18% of the household respondents had primary, secondary and tertiary level of education respectively. More than 33% of household heads respondents were not employed and hence had no sustainable source of income. A big number of CHV had not attained all the required qualifications for proper implementation of community health strategy. Additionally, the CHVs experienced numerous challenges that affected the efficient implementation of community health strategy. Majority (52.2%) of the CHVs had attained secondary education, and (45%) were unemployed, 35% were engaged in business and 20% earned their living by engaging in casual labor. Conclusion: The study revealed the need by the county government to strengthen the capacity of the CHVs through proper training and adequate financial support.
PublicationOpen Access
Evaluating the Impact of Electronic Medical Records on Patient Management and Service Integration in Mombasa County, Kenya
(International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2024-03-07) Waronja, Josephine N.; Mogote, Charles
The implementation of the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) patient system in Kenyan health facilities was aimed at enhancing the management of individuals living with HIV. The implementation of the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) patient system in many hospitals at the Comprehensive Care Clinics (CCC) in Mombasa County in 2013 aimed to enhance the management of individuals infected with HIV. Nevertheless, a comprehensive study of the impact of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) on patient management in Mombasa County health facilities has not yet been conducted. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine the consequences of establishing an EMR system on patient management in Mombasa County, Kenya. The research primarily concentrated on the empirical data obtained from three healthcare facilities, namely the hospital, Kongowea Health Centre, and Kingorani Dispensary. The analysis was conducted with the explicit objectives of examining the impact of the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) system on patient waiting time. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an Electronic Medical Records (EMR) system on patient scheduling, service integration, and data analysis in Mombasa County, Kenya. The study revealed that the implementation of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) had a significant impact on several aspects of healthcare services. Specifically, it was observed that EMR led to a notable reduction in waiting time for clients by 13.2%. Additionally, it facilitated the ease of information sharing among health workers, reduced the need for record keeping stationeries, and improved appointment scheduling, as reported by 12.6% of the respondents. The EMR system demonstrated a level of integration of services provided to patients, with only the CCC category above the 50% threshold, achieving a fully integrated rate of 79.3%. The results indicate that electronic medical records (EMR) exert a significant impact on the aforementioned parameters. Patient-centered treatment is a prominent objective in numerous high-quality healthcare systems. Healthcare systems nationwide have increasingly embraced the utilization of electronic health records (EHRs) as a means to enhance the quality of care delivered. This study will provide a valuable contribution to the advancement of a standardized electronic medical record (EMR) framework in Kenya. Additionally, it will provide valuable insights for healthcare policy creation and decision-making processes pertaining to the installation and utilization of EMR systems within the country. Furthermore, this study will yield valuable insights on the requisite degree of training and competence necessary for practitioners to effectively deploy and utilize electronic medical record (EMR) systems. These findings can subsequently inform the formulation of training programs and policies tailored to healthcare providers.
PublicationOpen Access
Monitoring strategies on patient safety practices among healthcare providers at Nakuru county referral hospital, Kenya
(International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2020-06-29) Kipkech, Fancy J; Makindi, Stanley M; Juma, Joseph
Background: Quality care is achieved through combined efforts which include integration of all the components within the healthcare delivery system. Patient safety is one of the dimensions of enhancing quality healthcare. It involves increasing the awareness about the errors made due to human factors in the process of delivering healthcare services that may lead to harm and other adverse effects. Methods: This study was on assessment of monitoring strategies on patient safety practices among healthcare providers at Nakuru County Referral Hospital, Kenya. The study was anchored on Donabedian model for assessment of quality of care. The study design was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sampling technique was purposive, stratified random sampling and proportionate with a sample size of 310 healthcare providers drawn from various departments. Data collection tools were questionnaire, interview schedule and observational checklist. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics (mean, mode and standard deviation). Results: The results of the study indicated and concluded that there is adherence to standardized clinical care protocols and guidelines as well as continuous and constant surveillance with clear assessments and evaluation of patient safety practices, accurate collection, storage, analysis and sharing of information on patient safety issues. Conclusions: The paper recommends the need for policy reviews on healthcare so as to ensure that patient safety issues are reviewed so as to mitigate risks in handling patients. There is need to establish clear guidelines on monitoring and evaluation standards of patient safety practices.
PublicationOpen Access
Stakeholders’ Involvement on Financial Management Outcomes in Public Primary Schools in Homa-Bay Sub-County, Kenya
(Journal of African Studies in Educational Management and Leadership, 2020-12) Ogol, Jared Odongo; Thinguri, Ruth; Chui, Mary Mugwe
The mismanagement of education school funds in Public Primary Schools (PPS) due to lack of effective stakeholders’ involvement in school financial management has led to embezzlement of funds summing up to billions of shillings. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of stakeholders’ involvement strategies on financial management outcomes in PPS in Homa-Bay Sub-County, Kenya. The study was guided by performance budgeting theory. It used mixed methodology survey research design. Concurrent triangulation was used to ensure credibility. Sixty-five school head teachers, 65 Board of Management (BoM) Chairpersons and 62 BoM Parents representatives were sampled through simple random and purposive sampling. Thirty-six Parents were selected through systematic sampling. Purposive sampling was used to select the 4 SubCounty Auditors for Schools. The sample size was 232. Quantitative data was presented using tables. Qualitative data was presented in narrative form. This study recommended the need for the government of Kenya through Ministry of Education to sensitize stakeholders to be more involved in the school financial managements in PPS
PublicationOpen Access
EFFECT OF FREQUENCY OF TERROR INCIDENTS ON NATIONAL UNITY AND GOVERNANCE IN LAMU COUNTY, KENYA
(International Research Journal of Social Sciences, Education and Humanities, 2024-03-07) Boru, Yaqub Shokole; Gacheru, Evans
Terrorism poses a significant global concern, threatening the fabric of societies and governance structures. This research study aimed to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the effect of terror activities on national unity and governance within the unique of Lamu County .The study objective was to evaluate the effect of frequency of terror incidents on national unity and governance in Lamu County. The research employed a mixed-methods research design, integrating qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis techniques. To achieve its objectives, the study randomly selected 100 participants from Lamu County, representing a diverse range of stakeholders including community members, government officials, and religious leaders. The data collection method involved structured questionnaires. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the qualitative data. The findings are expected to inform policy formulation, resource allocation, and community engagement initiatives aimed at fostering resilience, promoting social cohesion, and safeguarding the integrity of governance institutions. Descriptive statistics revealed significant negative effects of terror incidents on various aspects of community life and governance, including diminished sense of unity, heightened fear and anxiety, erosion of trust in local governance structures, and challenges to maintaining law and order. Regression analysis further confirmed the influence of frequency on national unity and governance, explaining 84.3% of the variance in the dependent variable. The findings revealed the multifaceted effect of terrorism on social cohesion and governance effectiveness, highlighting the urgent need for cohesive responses and effective security measures to address these challenges and promote resilience within the community.
PublicationOpen Access
Status and effects of health workforce related factors on implementation of universal health care in Nakuru West Sub County, Nakuru, Kenya
(International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2020-11-19) Selvesta, Jackline Mokeira; Esilaba, Moses Otiati; Donde, Oscar Omondi
Background: Globally, due to low health care coverage, there have been continued efforts to ensure that there is increased accessibility to quality, affordable and equitable universal health care (UHC) services in most parts of developing countries, such as within Nakuru county in Kenya. Methods: The study focused on determining health workforce gaps in health care facilities that might affectthe implementation of UHC in Nakuru West Sub County. Cross-sectional study design was applied, data was collected using structured questionnaires, analyzed using statistical package for social sciences 23rdversion and presented in charts for ease comparison. Results: The findings of this study indicated that there was shortage of HWCs. This implies that the staffing in the facilitieslocated in Nakuru West Sub-County is inadequate for the implementation of the Kenyan government UHC and it was evident that the mostly affected sections were the nursing, public health officer (PHO), pharmacy, clinical officers and laboratory in that order. Most alarmingly, majority of the HCWs (58.2%) were not being appreciated for good work, despite the fact that they play a key role in the implementation of UHC. Conclusions: It is therefore imperative for the county government which is the arm of the Kenyan government to ensure that they recruit adequate health care workers in all cadres to serve the continuously rising population and HCWs should have adequate level of education, acceptable training skills and be well-motivated.