Browsing by Author "Kakai, Rose"

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    Bacterial Contamination Dynamics and Fungal Contamination Levels of Fish Rastrineobola argentea and Oreochromis niloticus from Lake Victoria Basin of Kenya
    (The Journal of Food Technology, 2014-01-04) Onyuka, Jackson H. O.; Kakai, Rose; Ofulla, Ayub V.O.
    Fish contamination by microbes, mainly bacteria and fungi, may lead to food poisoning characterized by gastrointestinal disease and is therefore a major threat to public health. This study was designed to determine the bacterial contamination dynamics and fungal contamination levels of fish Rastrineobola argentea and Oreochromis niloticus from Lake Victoria basin, Kenya. Using crosssectional study design, fresh and sun-dried fish samples were randomly collected from three fish landing beaches and from three markets, in Lake Victoria Basin western Kenya, and taken to laboratory for processing and analysis using standard microbiological procedures. Fungal contamination and moisture content in fish were also analysed using standard procedures. Single factor ANOVA was used to determine increase in bacterial load with increase in time for the fish samples from different sampling sites. Differences in means of fungi species isolated from dagaa or tilapia, or in percentage moisture contents between dagaa or tilapia or between fish from beaches and markets was determined by paired two tailed t-Test. With increase in time, there was significant increase in bacterial loads in fresh fish. Sun-dried fish from the markets had significantly higher fungal species isolates compared to fish from the beaches p = 0.012, sun-dried R. argentea from the markets had significantly higher fungal species isolates compared to sun-dried O. niloticus from the markets, p<0.00001; moisture content of fish from the beaches was significantly lower p = 0.03. A total of 11 fungi species were isolated from the sun-dried fish. Standard health practise should be adopted to avoid microbial fish contamination.
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    Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Enteric Bacteria Isolated from Water and Fish in Lake Victoria Basin of Western Kenya
    (International Journal of Biomedical and Biological Engineering, 2011-03) Onyuka, Jackson H. O.; Kakai, Rose; Onyango, David M.; Arama, Peter F.; Gichuki, John; Ofulla, Ayub V.O.
    A cross sectional study design and standard microbiological procedures were used to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated from water and two fish species Rastrineobola argentea and Oreochromis niloticus collected from fish landing beaches and markets in the Lake Victoria Basin of western Kenya. Out of 162 samples analyzed, 133 (82.1%) were contaminated, with S. typhimurium as the most prevalent (49.6%), followed by E. coli (46.6%), and lastly V. cholerae (2.8%). All the bacteria isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. E. coli isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, chloramphenical and gentamicin while S. typhimurium isolates exhibited resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole. The V. cholerae O1 isolates were resistant to tetracycline and ampicillin. The high prevalence of drug resistant enteric bacteria in water and fish from the study region needs public health intervention from the local government.