Biochemical and hematological changes among people with active pulmonary tuberculosis infection living in densely populated areas in Nairobi county

Abstract

People living in Kenyan slums are at a higher risk of developing tuberculosis than people who don’t live in densely populated areas. The risk includes infection with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis strains. With the latest data reported in the year 2021 on Kenya’s tuberculosis prevalence, the survey identified a prevalence of 251 per 100,000 adult populations. It is important to continuously update knowledge on the prevalence of tuberculosis to ensure 2030 tuberculosis end strategy control measures are effectively leading to a decrease. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis among people living in densely populated areas in Mukuru Kwa Njenga and Pipeline slums of Nairobi County. Sputum was analyzed for Mycobacterium tuberculosis; The study's methodology involved performing tests for the identification of bacteria using the GeneXpert technique. Positive GeneXpert results was counted against negative results and hence the prevalence of tuberculosis was determined. Hematological and biochemical alterations associated with tuberculosis infection was also done. Complete blood count and erythrocyte sedimentation was performed to determine hematological changes and liver function test to determine biochemical changes. The liver functions test was performed using a biochemistry auto analyzer where manufacturers’ instructions was followed. Sensitivity of anti-TB drugs was accessed. Culture and sensitivity of anti-tuberculosis drugs was performed to rule out drug resistant tuberculosis infection. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics which entails measure of frequency including mean, mode and median. This study helps to identify tuberculosis control techniques and implement necessary preventive measures to stop the spread of tuberculosis.