Safety profile and analysis of first-time and repeat blood donors in national blood transfusion centre, Nairobi city county, Kenya

Abstract

Blood safety remains a major challenge in Africa’s healthcare systems. The WHO’s 2001 regional strategy emphasized strict screening to prevent transfusion-transmitted infections, a major risk in resource-limited settings. Kenya struggles to ensure a safe and sufficient blood supply due to inconsistent donor turnout, limited funding, and varied health risks. This study examined blood safety practices and risk factors at the Nairobi Regional Blood Transfusion Centre using a cross-sectional descriptive design. A total of 369 voluntary donors aged 18–65, both first-time and repeat, were selected through convenience sampling. Data collection involved ELISA and rapid tests for HIV, hepatitis B and C, and syphilis, alongside questionnaires on health habits and demographics. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23, applying chi-square tests and logistic regression. Hepatitis B had the highest prevalence (2.0%), with other infections below 1%. The findings support improved screening technologies and policy development to enhance blood safety in Kenya.