Educational Psychology and Foundations of Education
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Browsing Educational Psychology and Foundations of Education by Author "Ahmed, Ali"
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Publication Open Access Examination of Socio-Economic Determinants of Household Food Insecurity in Juba Valley Region, Somalia(International Journal of Education and Research, 2016-10) Ahmed, Ali; Mutundu, Kennedy; Ngare, Grace WamueDespite much evidence showing that Somalia used to be food sufficient in the 1960s and 1970s, and there is every indication that it has the potential to be food secure, 70% of its households remain hungry in the 21st century. Studies on the subject have attributed this to decades of severe climate shocks and political instability. However, the underlying causes of food insecurity among households in Somalia are an under-researched topic. Thus, the broader objective of this study was to examine socio-economic determinants of household food insecurity in Juba Valley Region of Southern Somalia once regarded as the breadbasket of the country. Further, the influence of family structure and income dynamics of the households on food insecurity was investigated. The study employed interviews among households, key informant interviews, Focus Group Discussions, literature review as well as direct field observation methods to collect data. Determinants of Socio- economic food insecurity in the area were analyzed using mixed regression methods. The gender of household head, age, and marital status (p-value < 0.05) contributed as the key to determine household structure variables. The study found that credit acquisition for food, main source of food, and seed shortage were significant variables (p-value < 0.05). The study concludes that the main socioeconomic factors that influence food insecurity among households are the gender of the household head, age, marital status, and households’ weak income base. Despite their importance, factors such as occupation, household size, and number of dependents, land size, river access, irrigation and seed type were not really significant according to the fitted mode.Publication Open Access The State of Food Insecurity among Households in Juba River Basin, Southern Somalia(Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa, 2017-05-10) Ahmed, AliIn the absence of a working state for the last over 25 years, hunger and malnutrition have been serious challenges in Somalia and great causes for concern to the international humanitarian community. Given the state of insecurity in Somalia, it is important that continuous research be done to understand the causes of lack of food and the consequences to the society. Juba River Basin has always been a major producer of food for Somalia. Yet, the state of household food insecurity in the Juba River Basin is an under-researched topic, and even reports by NGOs do not speak much of this crucial region. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine current state of household food insecurity in Juba Valley Region of Southern Somalia. The study results on state of household food insecurity indicate that 75% households are severely food insecure. Similarly, measure on household food insecurity access-related domains revealed that 80% of the households fall in domain 1 of worry and anxiety about food due to lack of resources, 84% of the respondents fall in domain 2 of insufficient quality food and as a result eat less preferred foods. Further, 85% of the households experience hunger (domain 3) where they reduce their meals per day. Thirty eight percent of the respondents face severe hunger according to the household hunger scale. A majority of the respondents (18.7%) blamed it on recurrent droughts where 16.5% stated that pests and diseases were big problem for crop production. Lack of fertilizers, appropriate seeds and farm implements/tools (12%, 10.7% and 14% were among some of the concerns of the study respondents. Figure 7 illustrates limiting factors to food production.