Browsing by Author "Karonjo, Jane"

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    PublicationOpen Access
    Client Related Factors Influencing Post-Natal Care Utilization Among Women Aged 18-49 Years In Ngong Ward, Kajiado County, Kenya
    (International Research Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2024-05-24) Wairimu, Mundia Anne; Karonjo, Jane; Okova, Rosemary
    In spite of evidence showing that Post Natal Care (PNC) reduces mother and baby mortality and morbidity, it is underutilized. In Kenya, only around 51% of women have access to these kinds of treatments from a trained professional. Limiting our understanding of the variables that influence the frequency with which these services are used. The objective of the study was to investigate client related factors that influence postnatal care services utilization. 354 mothers were surveyed using a cross-sectional descriptive research design in the Ngong ward. Household mothers who had a kid less than one year old were considered for participation. Quantitative data was examined using SPSS version 21, and information was gathered via the use of a structured questionnaire. At the 95% confidence level, the differences were seen as meaningful. Fisher's Exact Test and Chi-Square Test Chi-squared test was used to determine associations between independent variables and postnatal care utilization. PNC utilization was positively associated with those who have ever heard about postnatal care services (Fischer’s exact= 0.000), information about postnatal care services (p=0.003), and if postnatal care services are important (0.008) However PNC utilization and postnatal care visits attended (Fischer’s exact= 0.099), duration of waiting to be attended by the nurse midwife (0.204), and the reasons why PNC is important (p=1.000) showed no association. Through community-based methods, the county government should increase the use of PNC services; these initiatives should concentrate on those with low levels of education and socioeconomic status. The patients must be told about PNC services, and appointments must be made, by the healthcare professionals. There has to be better communication inside the facilities regarding PNC services.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Determinants of cord care practices among caregivers in a level 5 facility in Kenya
    (International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2023-11-10) Mulwa, Penina Muia; Mbugua, Ruth Gathoni; Karonjo, Jane
    Background:Globally, in the year 2020, 2.4 million children died with the likelihood of a child in Sub-Saharan Africa to die in their first month after birth being ten times higher compared to that in developed countries. Infection is a leading cause of mortality among infants with a significant number being attributed to umbilical cord infections. The aim of the study was to assess cord care practices and the associated factors among mothers and care givers at the Mombasa County referral hospital in Kenya.Methods:This was a facility-based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the maternal child health/family planning clinic at a level 5 public health facility in Mombasa County, Kenya. Systematic random sampling was employed to select study respondents. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. The association of the dependent and independent variables was assessed using Pearson Chi-square statistics. A p<0.05 was considered significant at 95% CI. Results:Slightly below half (43.6%) of the respondents had practiced inappropriate cord care. Inappropriate cord care practices reported included the use of breast milk (24.3%), herbal substances (17.8%), warm salty water (16.4%), saliva (15.1%), soot (11.2%), black soil (7.9%) and coconut oil (7.2%). Socio-cultural beliefs regarding cord care were prevalent among the respondents. Socio-demographic characteristics, facility-related factors, and socio-cultural factors were associated with cord care practices (p<0.05).Conclusions:There is a need to enhance health education regarding cord care among women in the health facilities and community. Strategies to enhance scale-up of chlorhexidine use should be explored.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Determinants of Nutritional Practices Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at Ngao Sub-County Hospital, Tana River County
    (Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 2021-10-15) Murage, Benjamin Mwangi; Karonjo, Jane; Jivraj, Nilufa
    Background: Dietary practice among pregnant women is an observable action of behavior of dietary habit usually classified as good or bad dietary practices and usually influences both pregnancy and foetal outcome. Pregnancy presents a critical stage of development for both the mother and the developing foetus. The stage is equally nutritionally demanding with caloric intake requirements rising compared to that in pre-gravid state. Poor nutritional practices during this stage had previously shown devastating impact not only to the foetus but also to the mother. Malnutrition during this stage exposes the mother to conditions such as anaemia, diabetes among other dietary related conditions. Women in developing countries find themselves restricted by multiple factors that interfere with their capacity to meet the demands at this stage. Thus, this study sought to assess the determinants of dietary practices among expectant women visiting antenatal clinic in three dimensions that were individual factors, institutional linked factors, and socio-cultural factors The Health Belief model was the theoretical model utilized in this study. Materials and Methods: The study design was descriptive where the variables under investigation were described. The study design was a descriptive. The sampling method was census sampling. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 24.0 whereby calculations of mean, percentages, and frequencies was done. Results: The results indicated that majority of the respondents were aged between 21 and 25 years (32.6%), with 77.9% married and 31.4% had secondary level of education. On religion, majority were Christians (53.5%). The results showed that age of the mother, highest level of education, employment status of the mother, knowledge on balanced diet were the individual characteristics of the participants that were significant at p values <.05. Religious affiliation did not significantly affect nutritional practices but the cultural beliefs of the mothers were significantly associated with nutritional practices at p value< .05. On facility-linked factors; counselling the mothers on nutrition, using nutritional model to counsel the mothers and giving the mothers micronutrient supplements were all significant at p value<.05. Conclusion: The study indicated that an increase in education level of the pregnant mother determines their understanding of good nutritional practices; higher levels of education were associated with good nutritional practices. Therefore, health workers should endeavor to enlighten pregnant women on nutritional practices especially those with low levels of education or no formal education
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Knowledge of Expectant Mothers on the Need for Folic Acid and Iron (IFA) Supplements Use among Expectant Mothers in Pumwani Maternity Hospital, Kenya
    (Journal of Medical and Biomedical Laboratory Sciences Research, 2023-06-07) Roble ,Mohamed Ali; Karonjo, Jane; Mwangi ,Jonathan
    Background: Out of three mothers, one has anaemia and lack folic acid, signifying that iron and folic acid (IFA) deficiencies make up the major micronutrient deficiencies among women in the world. Iron insufficiency is a serious health problem due to its increased prevalence and potential negative outcome. Iron insufficiency may lead to many adverse consequences like preterm births, stillbirth, underweight births, and maternal and neonatal deaths. The main aim of the research was to establish the assess the knowledge of expectant mothers on the need for Folic acid and iron (IFA) supplements use among expectant mothers in Pumwani Maternity Hospital, Kenya. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional design was used. The primary data was collected from the expectant mothers visiting PMH for ANC services by administering questionnaires and key informant interviews. The researcher used both probability and non-probability sampling methods. The researcher used random sampling approach to determine equal chance among the pregnant women in PMH. All expectant mothers that consented to the research were interviewed with the aid of a written questionnaire targeting a sample size of 341 participants. The data was collected, edited, coded and put into Epi-Data after which it was exported to SPSS. Descriptive analysis was utilized to establish the use of IFAS amongst expectant mothers. Distribution of the variables was analyzed via the use of frequency tables. Bivariate analysis was completed to establish the factors related with IFAS used amongst expectant mothers by using P-value and Pearson’s Chi-Square. Binary Logistic regression was used to establish predictors of use of iron and folate supplements. Ethical clearance to conduct this study was obtained. Results: Findings from the study show that 70% of respondents used IFAS during pregnancy. Close to 52 % respondents had good knowledge on the use of iron and folate supplementation. Bivariate analysis illustrates that level of education χ2 (df=3) (15.15, N=341), p=0.02 and level of knowledge χ2 (df=1) (22.6, N=341) p=0.001 were significantly associated with uptake of iron and folate supplementation. Regression analysis shows that the level of education A.O.R=3.331 (CI 2.0119-5.496) p=0.0001, level of knowledge A.O.R=1.886 (CI 1.317-2.701) p=0.001 and the number of pregnancies A.O.R=0.154, (CI 0.010-1.413) were strong predictors of iron and folate supplementation. Social demographic factors that significantly influenced use of IFAS were household income and number of children. Formal education and mothers’ knowledge on use of IFAS significantly increased the odds three folds using IFAS. Use of IFAS reduced the chances to experience of anaemia in life or during pregnancy. Majority mothers were able to access health facilities and IFAS whenever needed. IFAS was affordable. The health facilities were operational and met health care needs. Health care workers hospitability and provision of satisfying prescription of IFAS increased use of IFAS by 9.5 and 2.8 times respectively. To achieve desirable coverage level on the use of iron-folate supplementation, policy makers should develop novel strategies to educate expectant women. All stakeholders should take a further step on promoting IFAS use to ensure 100% compliance.