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Publication Open Access Fervently Optimistic: Teachers Emotional Exhaustion and a Balance between Workload and Job Satisfaction among High School Teachers(International Journal of Learning and Development, 2023-08-05) Njuguna, Christina Nyamugoro; Odiemo, Luke; Wango, GeoffreyProfessionals experience emotional exhaustion at the workplace as they balance workload and job satisfaction, often leading to burnout. Burnout is linked to job satisfaction, and both significantly affect job performance. Indeed, the effect was even more evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, research has established job satisfaction and quality proexhaustion. This study investigated workload and mental health concerns among teachers. A group of 367 out of 4 447 targeted teachers in public secondary school settings were part of the study utilising a descriptive survey design. Data on burnout was obtained using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-S), while the JSS-S measured teachers’ job contentment. The results showed that burnout is strongly linked to job satisfaction, and the study suggests that the underlying causes of burnout need to be addressed to improve teachers’ work satisfaction. ductivity among professionals, even among teachers, are positively related to emotionalPublication Open Access The Role of Collegiality in the Relationship between Workload and Job Satisfaction among High School Teachers in Kiambu County, Kenya(Journal of Education and Practice, 2023-06-30) Njuguna, Christina; Odiemo, Luke; Wango, GeoffreyThe workload is essential in determining job satisfaction among professionals, including teachers. However, only a few researchers have focused on the issue of workload and job satisfaction with colleagues within the context of the teaching profession. Understanding the role of collegiality in the relationship between workload and job satisfaction in the teaching context is of the essence. This study investigated the role of collegiality in determining the relationship between workload and job satisfaction among teachers in Kiambu County, Kenya. The results revealed a strong relationship between workload and job satisfaction with colleagues across all the workload categories except the teachers in the workload category of (teaching, management of students’ issues and administrative duties. The majority of the respondents across all the workloads who related well with their colleagues were satisfied with their work. The results indicate that collegiality buffers individuals from less satisfaction which may result from engaging in multiple workloads. The study recommends promoting and encouraging support and solidarity among colleagues to enhance job satisfactionPublication Open Access Evaluating the Impact of Electronic Medical Records on Patient Management and Service Integration in Mombasa County, Kenya(International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2024-03-26) Waronja, Josephine N.; Mogote, CharlesThe implementation of the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) patient system in Kenyan health facilities was aimed at enhancing the management of individuals living with HIV. The implementation of the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) patient system in many hospitals at the Comprehensive Care Clinics (CCC) in Mombasa County in 2013 aimed to enhance the management of individuals infected with HIV. Nevertheless, a comprehensive study of the impact of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) on patient management in Mombasa County health facilities has not yet been conducted. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine the consequences of establishing an EMR system on patient management in Mombasa County, Kenya. The research primarily concentrated on the empirical data obtained from three healthcare facilities, namely the hospital, Kongowea Health Centre, and Kingorani Dispensary. The analysis was conducted with the explicit objectives of examining the impact of the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) system on patient waiting time. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an Electronic Medical Records (EMR) system on patient scheduling, service integration, and data analysis in Mombasa County, Kenya. The study revealed that the implementation of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) had a significant impact on several aspects of healthcare services. Specifically, it was observed that EMR led to a notable reduction in waiting time for clients by 13.2%. Additionally, it facilitated the ease of information sharing among health workers, reduced the need for record keeping stationeries, and improved appointment scheduling, as reported by 12.6% of the respondents. The EMR system demonstrated a level of integration of services provided to patients, with only the CCC category above the 50% threshold, achieving a fully integrated rate of 79.3%. The results indicate that electronic medical records (EMR) exert a significant impact on the aforementioned parameters. Patient-centered treatment is a prominent objective in numerous high-quality healthcare systems. Healthcare systems nationwide have increasingly embraced the utilization of electronic health records (EHRs) as a means to enhance the quality of care delivered. This study will provide a valuable contribution to the advancement of a standardized electronic medical record (EMR) framework in Kenya. Additionally, it will provide valuable insights for healthcare policy creation and decision-making processes pertaining to the installation and utilization of EMR systems within the country. Furthermore, this study will yield valuable insights on the requisite degree of training and competence necessary for practitioners to effectively deploy and utilize electronic medical record (EMR) systems. These findings can subsequently inform the formulation of training programs and policies tailored to healthcare providers.Publication Open Access Coping Strategies for Cyberbullying by Adolescents in Secondary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya(International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 2023-05-26) M, Nuna R; S, Macharia; O, NgumiUse of social media has a significant influence on the behaviors of teenagers. Although nations around the world are aware of what occurs on websites like Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, and others, there has been evidence of cyberbullying on these platforms. This study was conducted among the teenagers attending secondary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya, to investigate the coping strategies used by adolescents in dealing with the effects of cyberbullying. The research used Ex –Post- Facto design. All of the adolescents in selected secondary schools between the ages of 13 and 18 made up the study population. The study used stratified random sampling techniques to select the sample of 318 adolescents. the study also used purposive sampling to select 5 School Principals and 5 Teacher-Counselors. Data was collected using a modified Cyberbullying Coping Questionnaire. Interview schedules were used to gather information from the TeacherCounselors and School Principals on the quality of cyberbullying coping strategies. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25 and presented using frequency tables and percentages. The results revealed that the coping mechanisms for cyberbullying involved team efforts from parents, teachers, and students. The study found that 58(18.2%) and 81(25.5%) would seek professional advice or report the matter to their parents, teachers or school principals. Additionally, the study found that there was age difference with those who blocked, deleted or informed the bully to stop his bullying behaviors. The study recommends that School Principals and parents should create a safe and healthy environment in both home and school. Further, the study recommends that schools to put in place surveillance strategies to support students who experience cyberbullying and to develop programmes to enhance psychological adjustmentPublication Open Access Relationships between Cyberbullying Techniques and Psychological Wellbeing of Adolescents in Secondary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya(International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2023-06) M, Nuna. R; O, Ngumi; S, MachariaCyberbullying has become a global social health issue in the past ten years. An estimated 20 to 40 percent of all teenagers will be victims of cyberbullying at some point. Although the phenomenon has no currently accepted definition and is still in its early stage, adolescents exhibit emotional instability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cyberbullying techniques and the psychological well-being of adolescents in secondary schools. The study applied the Ex-Post-Facto and Survey designs. Ex-Post -Facto design was used to model the study since cyberbullying had already occurred and it was not possible to control its effects on the dependent variable (psychological wellbeing). Survey was used to describe the relationship between cyberbullying techniques and the psychological wellbeing of the adolescents in details. The target population consisted of all adolescents between 13-18 years from five selected schools in Nairobi County from whom a sample of 318 participants were drawn. Out of the five selected secondary schools, the researcher used 5 school principals, and 5 teacher counselors. The research instruments consisted of a modified Cyberbullying Questionnaire by Batool, Yousaf and Batool (2017), an interview schedules for school Principals and Teacher-Counselors and a Focus Discussion Guide for key informants. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and presented using frequency tables and percentages. The study found that, there was statistically significant relationship between cyberbullying by social networking sites and by text messaging (r (316) = .469**. p ˃ -.087). The results showed that, cyberbullying or witnessing someone being cyber bullied through social networking sites and text messaging decreased the adolescents’ psychological wellness. The study recommended that, the school principals should employ intensive monitoring and control of the sites the adolescents is visiting in order to safeguard them from psychological problems and maintain their mental health.Publication Open Access Parental aggressive behaviour and the preference of juvenile delinquency among students in Thika West Sub- County, Kiambu County, Kenya(African Journal of Social Issues, 2024-03-23) Mwangi, Sarah Wangui; Mokua, Gilbert MarokoThe purpose of the study is to determine the reason for the prevalence of juvenile delinquency as well as to establish the influence of parental aggressive behavior on juvenile delinquency. This study is based on attachment theory using ex post facto as research design. Queen of the Rosary Mixed Secondary School and Kimuchu Secondary with target population of 850 were the chosen locations of the study. Simple random sampling was used to pick the proportionate sample from each cluster. From each cluster 10% of the population was selected as sample size which is 85 students. For purposes of this study, a structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The study reveals a high prevalence of delinquent behavior among students, including property damage, theft, and violence. Mean scores and standard deviations indicate strong agreement among respondents about their involvement in such activities. Specific actions, such as damaging school and public property, stealing motor vehicles, and holding stolen goods, were reported consistently. Behaviors like running away from home, carrying hidden weapons, and attacking others showed significant agreement. Findings on parental aggressive behavior indicate frequent engagement in actions like threatening physical harm and yelling at children, with mean scores ranging from 2.1234 to 2.7890. The results highlight the critical need for targeted interventions to address both student delinquency and parental aggression, aiming to foster a safer and more supportive environment for children. Recommendations include behavioral intervention programs, parental education workshops, school-community partnerships, robust monitoring systems, and promoting positive extracurricular activities.Publication Open Access Teachers emotional well-being: the role of demographic variables in mediating workload and emotional exhaustion(International Journal of Social Science and Education Research Studies, 2022-09-24) Njuguna, Christina Nyamugoro; Odiemo, Luke Okunya; Wango, Geoffrey MbuguaThe relationship between workload and emotional exhaustion is dynamic. Various demographic variables mediate between workload and emotional exhaustion, including gender, age, marital status, level of education, work experience, number of lessons per week, teaching subject, and the school category. However, there is a lack of current information on various demographic valuables’ role in the relationship between workload and emotional exhaustion among teachers. This article aims to explain the mediation role of the selected demographic variables in the relationship between workload and the emotional exhaustion of high school teachers in Kiambu County, Kenya. The study utilized 367 teachers, of which 331 responded to the questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to determine how the variables mediated the relationship between workload and emotional exhaustion of the teachers. The mixed results indicated that various demographic factors mediated the relationship between workload and emotional exhaustion either positively or negatively. Given the dynamic nature of the workload for teachers, it would be essential to consider the demographic variables to ensure teachers’ emotional health.Publication Metadata only The Psychology Coping Strategies for Cyberbullying by Adolescents in Secondary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya(International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 2023-05-26) Nuna ,Ruth; Macharia S.; Ngumi O.Use of social media has a significant influence on the behaviors of teenagers. Although nations around the world are aware of what occurs on websites like Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, and others, there has been evidence of cyberbullying on these platforms. This study was conducted among the teenagers attending secondary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya, to investigate the coping strategies used by adolescents in dealing with the effects of cyberbullying. The research used Ex –Post- Facto design. All of the adolescents in selected secondary schools between the ages of 13 and 18 made up the study population. The study used stratified random sampling techniques to select the sample of 318 adolescents. the study also used purposive sampling to select 5 School Principals and 5 Teacher-Counselors. Data was collected using a modified Cyberbullying Coping Questionnaire. Interview schedules were used to gather information from the Teacher-Counselors and School Principals on the quality of cyberbullying coping strategies. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25 and presented using frequency tables and percentages. The results revealed that the coping mechanisms for cyberbullying involved team efforts from parents, teachers, and students. The study found that 58(18.2%) and 81(25.5%) would seek professional advice or report the matter to their parents, teachers or school principals. Additionally, the study found that there was age difference with those who blocked, deleted or informed the bully to stop his bullying behaviors. The study recommends that School Principals and parents should create a safe and healthy environment in both home and school. Further, the study recommends that schools to put in place surveillance strategies to support students who experience cyberbullying and to develop programmes to enhance psychological adjustment.Publication Open Access Landslide disasters in eastern Uganda: post-traumatic stress disorder and its correlates among survivors in Bududa district(BMC Psychology, 2022-12-05) Kabunga, Amir; Okalo, Ponsiano; Apili, BrendaBackground: Post-traumatic stress disorder is the commonly reported psychiatric morbidity among the survivors of natural disasters. However, its prevalence particularly in Bududa, Eastern Uganda is largely unknown. Aims and objectives: To assess the prevalence and correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder among Bududa landslide survivors. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 587 participants. The study set- ting was the Bududa district, with a multistage sampling method. Pre-tested, administered interviewer PTSD Check- list–civilian version was used as screening tools between 4th and April 29th 2022. Data were analyzed using descrip- tive and binary logistic approaches at a 5% level of significance. Results: Of the study participants, 276 (46.8%) had PTSD symptoms. Among the respondents, 250 (42.6%) were in the age range of 40 and above, 396 (67.3%) were female, 284 (48.4%) had no formal education, and 333 (56.7%) were married. Results showed that male gender (AOR: 0.47; 95% CI 0.31–0.73; p = 0.001), widowhood (AOR: 0.44; 95% CI 0.21–0.94; p = 0.034), lack of counseling (AOR: 0.44; 95% CI 0.21–0.94; p = 0.001), and duration since the landslide (AOR: 0.35; 95% CI 0.23–0.52; p = 0.001) were associated with an increased likelihood of screening for PTSD in landslide survivors. Conclusion: Landslides pose significant effects on the mental health of survivors. In the present study, the extent of PTSD among survivors is substantially high. male gender,, widowhood, lack of counselling, low social support, and duration since the landslide were significantly associated with PTSD. Effective screening and awareness programs among survivors should be strengthened for the prevention and treatment of psychiatric morbidity among the survi- vors of landslides.Publication Open Access Landslide disasters in eastern Uganda: post-traumatic stress disorder and its correlates among survivors in Bududa district(BMC Psychology, 2022-12-05) Kabunga, Amir; Okalo, Ponsiano; Nalwoga, Viola; Apili, BrendaBackground: Post-traumatic stress disorder is the commonly reported psychiatric morbidity among the survivors of natural disasters. However, its prevalence particularly in Bududa, Eastern Uganda is largely unknown. Aims and objectives: To assess the prevalence and correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder among Bududa landslide survivors. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 587 participants. The study set- ting was the Bududa district, with a multistage sampling method. Pre-tested, administered interviewer PTSD Check- list–civilian version was used as screening tools between 4th and April 29th 2022. Data were analyzed using descrip- tive and binary logistic approaches at a 5% level of significance. Results: Of the study participants, 276 (46.8%) had PTSD symptoms. Among the respondents, 250 (42.6%) were in the age range of 40 and above, 396 (67.3%) were female, 284 (48.4%) had no formal education, and 333 (56.7%) were married. Results showed that male gender (AOR: 0.47; 95% CI 0.31–0.73; p = 0.001), widowhood (AOR: 0.44; 95% CI 0.21–0.94; p = 0.034), lack of counseling (AOR: 0.44; 95% CI 0.21–0.94; p = 0.001), and duration since the landslide (AOR: 0.35; 95% CI 0.23–0.52; p = 0.001) were associated with an increased likelihood of screening for PTSD in landslide survivors. Conclusion: Landslides pose significant effects on the mental health of survivors. In the present study, the extent of PTSD among survivors is substantially high. male gender,, widowhood, lack of counselling, low social support, and duration since the landslide were significantly associated with PTSD. Effective screening and awareness programs among survivors should be strengthened for the prevention and treatment of psychiatric morbidity among the survi- vors of landslides.Publication Open Access Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Coping Strategies Among People with HIV in Lira District, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study(HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care, 2022-05-30) Arebo, Benedict; Ewach, Gracious Faith; Omara, Jacob; Oyella, Pamella; Lucky, Ruth Aciro; Kabunga, AmirBackground: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most commonly reported mental health consequence following traumatic events. However, little is known about how people with HIV cope with the PTSD burden in Lira city, northern Uganda. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in Lira District Health Centre IVs from February 10, 2022, to March 10, 2022. A facility-based cross-sectional study was employed among 390 people with HIV attending Lira Health Centre IVs. A consecutive sampling technique was used to select the sample size. Questionnaires were used to collect data. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with independent variables, and AOR was employed to estimate the strength of association between independent and dependent variables. Results: Results show that the estimated prevalence of PTSD was 254 (65.1%) and was higher among the females 191 (75.2%), those with no formal education 143 (56.3%), aged 40 years and above 121 (47.6%), and married 127 (50.0%). Results indicate that male respondents had a 51% reduced odds of developing PTSD burden compared to female respondents (AOR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.30–0.81; P = 0.005). Individuals who did not use planning activities as a coping strategy had more than 2-fold increased odds of experiencing PTSD compared to those who planned activities (AOR: 2.43; 1.26–4.70; P = 0.008). Participants who did not have emotional support had close to 3-fold increased chances of developing PTSD compared to those who had emotional support (AOR: 2.94; 1.74–4.98; P ≤ 0.001). Participants who indicated they were not taking recourse to spirituality had more than 4-fold increased odds of experiencing PTSD compared to those who had spirituality (AOR: 4.40; 1.83–10.46; P = 0.001). Conclusion: A considerable burden of PTSD among HIV clients attending health centre IVs in Lira District was notably higher and was associated with gender, planning activities, emotional support and spirituality. Early screening of PTSD among HIV clients is needed to alleviate the burden. There is also a need to include PTSD treatment services in the treatment programme of HIV care services in health centre IVs in Lira DistrictPublication Open Access Psychosocial Issues Influencing Marital Conflicts Among Married Couples in Mwea, Embu County, Kenya- Focus on Emotional Issues.(International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2023-12) Wamathu, MarthaPsychosocial issues relating to marital conflict among married couples have been prevalent and have been escalating among individuals within society. The local situation is that the problem has been partially addressed due to a deficiency in intervention measures and informative research that has provided insignificant relevant data and statistics. The study's goals were to ascertain how much emotion influences marital conflict in married couples, Systems theory was used in the study. Mixed method approach was also used for the study, which involved collecting, processing, and presenting both quantitative and qualitative data. The study employed a descriptive study design and a purposive sampling technique. For married couples, open-ended and closed-ended questionnaires as well as focus groups using a focus group discussion guide was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentages were also used to assess the quantitative data using Microsoft excel and Statistical Program for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0. the results showed that the respondents understood the influences of emotions on marital conflicts. Qualitative data was also analyzed using content analysis. A number of themes emerged from this including those similar to the same findings from the quantitative data that emotions cause marital conflicts. The results will contribute to a greater understanding of the key role that marital conflict plays in KenyaPublication Open Access Systematic review and meta-analysis of postpartum depression and its associated factors among women before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda(BMJ Open, 2024-07) Kabunga, Amir; Tumwesigye, Raymond; Kigongo, Eustes; Musinguzi, Marvin; Walter, Acup; Auma, Anna GraceObjective This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the national prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) in Uganda and identify predictors in both pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 eras. Design Used a systematic review and meta-analysis methodology. Data sources Reviewed papers were sourced from Medline/PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL/EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and African Journals Online. Eligibility criteria for selected studies The review encompassed observational studies published on PPD in Uganda from 1 January 2000 to 30 November 2023. Results 11 studies (involving 7564 participants) published from 1 January 2000 to 30 November 2023 were reviewed. The pooled prevalence of PPD in Uganda was 29% (95% CI 21% to 37%, I2=98.32%). Subgroup analysis indicated a similar prevalence before (29%, 95% CI 20% to 39%) and during (28%, 95% CI 22% to 32%) the COVID-19 period. Special groups exhibited a higher prevalence (32%, 95% CI 16% to 47%) than general postpartum women (28%, 95% CI 19% to 37%). Factors associated with PPD included poor social support (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.22, I2=96.8%), maternal illness (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.26, I2=96.9%), poor socioeconomic status (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.40 to 1.46, I2=99.5%) and undergoing caesarean section (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.17, I2=80.6%). Surprisingly, there was a marginal decrease in PPD during the COVID-19 period. Subgroup analysis highlighted a higher prevalence among mothers with HIV. Conclusion This study underscores the significant prevalence of PPD in Uganda, with sociodemographic factors increasing risk. Despite a slight decrease during the COVID-19 period, the importance of prioritising maternal mental health is emphasised, considering sociodemographic factors and pandemic challenges, to improve maternal and child health outcomes and overall well-being.Publication Open Access HIV-Related Stigma Among Pregnant Adolescents: A Qualitative Study of Patient Perspectives in Southwestern Uganda(HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care, 2024-05-16) Kabunga, Amir; Nabasirye, Caroline Kambugu; Kigingo, Eustes; Namata, Halimah; Shikanga, Enos Mwirotsi; Udho, Samson; Auma, Anna Grace; Nabaziwa, JannatBackground: The HIV epidemic disproportionately affects adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa, with adolescent girls facing heigh- tened vulnerability. Despite advancements in antiretroviral therapy, HIV-related stigma remains prevalent, particularly among pregnant adolescents. This qualitative study explores the perspectives of adolescents living with HIV in southwestern Uganda, seeking to understand the nature of HIV-related stigma in this context. Methods: One-on-one narrative interviews were conducted with 28 pregnant adolescents living with HIV aged 14–19 receiving care at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. The qualitative approach allowed for in-depth exploration of participants’ experiences. Thematic analysis was employed to identify recurring patterns in the narratives. Results: Five overarching themes emerged from the analysis: Experiences of double stigma, social and cultural influences shaping stigma, healthcare system challenges, psychosocial impacts of stigma, and resilience and coping mechanisms. Double stigma, arising from societal prejudices related to both HIV status and teenage pregnancy, created a complex environment for participants. Despite these challenges, participants exhibited resilience through external support and internal strength. Conclusion: This study reveals the pervasive double stigma experienced by pregnant adolescents living with HIV in southwestern Uganda, driven by societal biases against both HIV status and teenage pregnancy. Urgent targeted interventions are needed to address the intersectionality of stigma, cultural influences, healthcare issues, and psychosocial well-being for the betterment of this vulnerable populationPublication Open Access Academic Pressure a Psychosocial Predictor of Suicide among Youths in Selected Kenyan Public Universities.(International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2024-03-17) Noor, Hassan Muhammed; Gathuci, RehabThe purpose of the study was to assess the influence of academic pressure on the suicide rates among youths in selected Kenyan Public university. The target population for the study was 149,628 youths in public universities and 40 staffs in the student welfare office. The study focused on students at University of Nairobi, Kenyatta University and Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology due to the large population of students in this institution thereby giving a representative sample of the students in public universities. The study adopted the use of both stratified and simple random sampling to get a sample of 153 respondents. The study informs on the influence academic pressure has in students in public universities having suicidal ideation as well as on the rates of suicide among the studentsPublication Open Access Headteachers Management Practices and its Influence on Teenage Pregnancies in Schools in Tana River Sub County, Tana River County, Kenya(Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 2023-11-21) Hiribae, Napasha K.The goal of the research was to evaluate the Head Teacher’s Management practices and its influence on Teenage pregnancy in schools in Tana River Sub- County, Tana River County. The study employed Rational Emotive Behavior Theory, Theory of Joharis Window of Personality and Communication Privacy Management Theory. The study employed descriptive research design. The study was carried out on 100 people from Galole North Zone in Tana River Sub County, Tana River County, Kenya. Stratified random sampling was encompassed to institute a sample size of 80. The investigator used primary data collection instruments. Expert opinion was used to ensure data validity and reliability. The data was analyzed descriptively by means and the standard deviation, while multiple regression analysis was used to establish the influence between the variables. The study revealed that the correlation coefficient between head teachers supervision practices and teen pregnancies in Tana River County is -0.088. The P-value of 0.544 also shows that there exist no significant association between head teachers supervision practices and teen pregnancies since the P-value is above the 0.05 test of significance. Support practices was found to be strongly positive correlated to teen pregnancies with a coefficient of 0.886 with a P-value of 0.000 which is below the threshold of 0.05 thereby indicating a statistically significant association between support practices and teen pregnancies. Communication practices was found have a weak positive correlation to teen pregnancies in Tana River County with a coefficient value of 0.427. The study found that parental communication on peer group pressure could reduce chances of teenage pregnancy in Tana River Sub- County. The study conclude that parental communication on peer group pressure could reduce chances of teenage pregnancy in Tana River Sub- County. The study recommends that efforts on educating people regarding teenage pregnancy should be focused on areas that are poor. Parents should also take the initiative of talking to their children about sex. The government should also ensure that they, the parents are well educated on the how and when to talk about sex with their children.Publication Open Access Influence of Social Media Content on Risky Sexual Behaviours of Undergraduate Students in Selected Universities in Kiambu County, Kenya(The International Journal of Humanities & Social Studies, 2024-02) Wangari, Emily Mburu; Florence , S.A K'OkulWith social media platforms being easily accessible through phones, the youth all over the globe, including those of Kiambu County, are easily exposed to unregulated content. From this, the issues of problematic content exposure and exposure to unnecessary content, such as sexual advertising and marketing content, arise. This study seeks to evaluate the influence of social media content on risky sexual behaviours of undergraduate students in selected universities in Kiambu County, Kenya. The study utilised a descriptive research design. The target population was 110,500 undergraduate students in the eight public and private universities with main campuses domiciled in Kiambu County. The sample size for the study was 399 undergraduate students. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Data collected was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of the statistical package for social scientists, version 26.0. Descriptive statistics comprise frequencies and percentages, while inferential statistics use regression analysis. The study found a positive significant relationship between risky sexual behaviours and social media content. The study recommends that awareness campaigns on social media use and social media literacy programmes should be further enhanced. This will equip university students with critical skills in the responsible use of social media platforms. Students will also be equipped with skills to gauge different content on social media platforms and the way risky behaviours are advanced through social media platformsPublication Open Access Influence of Irresponsible Alcohol-Related Sexual Behaviour on Trainee Dropouts in Vocational Centres in Nakuru County, Kenya(The International Journal of Humanities & Social Studies, 2024-01-03) Kerubo, Teresiah Nyatich; Karimi, JaneAlcohol abuse and related behaviour are the main problems affecting trainees while taking their studies in Vocational Training Centres in Nakuru County. The study focused on the hypothesis: There is no significant relationship between irresponsible sexual behaviour and trainee dropouts in vocational training centers in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study was based on the cognitive-behavioural theory of alcohol abuse. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design that entails the collection of data at a single point in time from different groups of respondents. Further, the study adopted a descriptive research design, which involves collecting, analysing, and interpreting quantitative and qualitative data. The study targets a population of 1550 within 10 vocational training centres in Nakuru. The sampling was done using Yamane sampling formulae to obtain a 318 sample size. The study's correlational analysis explored the relationships between "Trainees' Dropout" and “Irresponsible Sexual Behaviour,” Irresponsible sexual behaviour exhibited a strong positive correlation (r = 0.664, p < 0.01). These findings collectively underscore the importance of addressing alcohol-related behaviours, peer influences, and counseling effectiveness in tackling trainee dropout rates.Publication Open Access Investigation of Parenting Styles on Alcohol- Use Disorder among Recovering Clients in Selected Rehabilitation Centers Nairobi County, Kenya.(IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 2023-08) Kuria, W.G. Marypiah; K’okul, S.A. Florence; M’Arimi, K. ElijahAlcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a burden to individuals, families, and the society. In most societies, the first socialization is mainly the family; particularly parents. This study assessed the influence of parenting styles on alcohol use disorder among recovering clients in selected rehabilitation centers in Nairobi County, Kenya. (SRCNCK). The objective of the study was to investigating the influence of parenting styles on alcohol use disorder and to come up with the interventional strategies for controlling alcohol use disorder through parenting stlyle. The study was guided by three interrelated theories; the Family System Theory (FST), Social Learning Theory (SLT), and Choice Theory (CT). Ex post facto research design guided the study with a target population of 187 recovering clients composed of 161 males and 26 females. Following Krejcie and Morgan's (1970) table of sample size determination, the sample size was 152 males and 26 females. The representative sample was attained by using Stratified Sampling and Simple Random Sampling methods. Expert judgment and pilot study was conducted in Kiambu County in NACADA accredited rehabilitation centres to determine the validity of the data collection tools while the Split-half method was used to determine the reliability of the research instruments. A reliability level of 0.7 was accepted for the study. The researcher collected both quantitative and qualitative data. Qualitative data was collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) using an open-ended group discussion guide and analysed using the content analysis under themes in line with the study objectives. Quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaires having both open and closed ended questions. Data collected from the field was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Inferential statistics involved hypothesis testing through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 for windows. Spearman rank order correlation and Chi-square test were used to test the hypothesis and generate relationships between variables. The level of statistical significance was .05. Chi-square tests results showed that, there was no statistical significant relationship between parenting style and alcohol use disorder. Following the finding of this study, the researcher recommended more studies on personal factors and alcohol use disorder, the effect alcohol predisposition on development of alcohol use disorder, the protective factors against alcohol use disorder.Publication Open Access Stressors Influencing Homicide-Suicide Among National Police Service Officers In Njoro Sub County, Nakuru County, Kenya(International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2024-02-21) Kipruto, PeterThis research explored Homicide-Suicide (H-S) among Kenya National Police Service (KNPS) officers, with a focus on Kenya Police Service (KPS), Administration Police Service (APS), and Directorate of Criminal Investigation (DCI). Despite a rise in incidents, research on this phenomenon was scarce in Kenya. The study investigated occupational, organizational, personal, and economic factors influencing H-S, drawing from Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory and Durkheim's Theory of Suicides. Using a mixed-method design, 328 KNPS officers, including KPS, APS, and DCI, participated, alongside key stakeholders. Data collection included questionnaires and interviews, resulting in a response rate of 75.6%, with 136 completed questionnaires. In the analysis of personal stressors, the study scrutinized mental health conditions, traumatic events, and relationship issues. Participants experienced mental health symptoms due to personal stressors, impacting well-being. Limited professional help-seeking was noted, possibly due to stigma. Dissatisfaction with organizational support was observed. Traumatic event exposure affected mental well-being, with organizational support playing a role. Coping with relationship problems was complex. The analysis of occupational stressors focused on critical incidents, workload, and job-related pressure. Many officers encountered critical incidents, impacting wellbeing. Organizational support for coping was perceived as insufficient. High workload affected stress levels, with management challenges. Job-related pressure influenced wellbeing and support perceptions. In the examination of organizational stressors, the study explored support from superiors, resource availability, and leadership effectiveness. Unsupportive superiors hindered communication, while resource availability was associated with mental well-being. Leadership effectiveness varied, impacting experiences. The analysis of economic stressors explored salary satisfaction, financial strain, and career advancement. Dissatisfaction with compensation led to financial difficulties and stress. Financial strain negatively impacted stress levels. Job stability and career advancement had varying effects. Findings highlighted the multifaceted challenges faced by Kenyan police officers, aligning with literature. Recommendations included addressing mental health stigma, enhancing organizational support, promoting work-life balance, providing coping strategies, fostering empathetic leadership, ensuring resource availability, addressing compensation concerns and creating supportive work environments. The outcomes contributed to H-S literature, guiding policy-making for agency relevance, ultimately enhancing officers' well-being in Njoro Sub County, Nakuru County.