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Publication Open Access Effectiveness of community leaders on conflict resolution among pastoralist communities in Samburu county, Kenya(International Academic Journal of Arts and Humanities, 2024-06-01) Ekiru, Lawrence Lorunyei; Munene, RuthwinnieThis study investigated how effective community leadership had on conflict resolution among pastoralists in Samburu County, Kenya. Over the last decade, Samburu County has continued to manifest unabated intercommunity conflicts. This is attributed to many factors, including the availability and misuse of small arms, inaccessible terrain, ungoverned spaces, struggle for scarce natural resources, intercommoned raiding, revenge and retaliatory attacks, harsh climatic conditions, and political incitements, among others. The purpose of this study was examined how effective community leadership had on conflict resolution. The objective of the study was to establish the early warning indicators of conflict. The study adopted descriptive survey design to achieve the research objective from a population of 93240 community leaders through purposeful sampling with a sample size of 168. The study utilized both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through questionnaire while secondary will involve document analysis. The research data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data using statistical package for social scientist (SPSS). To collect data introductory letter was obtained from Mount Kenya university post graduate school. Research permit from National Council of science and technology (NACOSTI) was also obtained and clearance of ethical review committee. This study concluded that there was a positive significant (r=.217, p=.002) relationship between early warning signs and conflict resolution. This study recommends that more studies should be done on sustainable conflict resolution in Samburu County in Kenya and among other conflict affected a region in Kenya.Publication Open Access Influence Of Socioeconomic Status On Incidences Of Social Crimes In Mariakani Township, Kilifi County(International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2024-03-15) Muoki, Festus Muema; Mwangi, Judy W.Mariakani Township, located in Kilifi County, Kenya, presents a unique challenge in terms of elevated levels of criminality compared to neighboring areas. Despite being situated within Kilifi County, where crime rates are comparatively lower, Mariakani Township stands out due to its disproportionately high incidence of social crimes. Given the gravity of the situation, there was an urgent need to investigate the underlying factors contributing to the disproportionately high incidence of social crimes in Mariakani Township, particularly the influence of low socioeconomic status. The study aimed to achieve several objectives: (i) assess the influence of socioeconomic status on the occurrence of vandalism, (ii) analyze the influence of socioeconomic status on loitering behavior, and (iii) explore the influence of socioeconomic status on disorderly conduct within Mariakani Township. To fulfill these objectives, a descriptive research design is employed, allowing for a systematic investigation into the relationship between poverty and criminality in the township. The research design incorporated guided questionnaires, interview schedules, and analysis of crime reports to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Sampling procedures involved a multistage approach to ensure comprehensive representation of Mariakani Township's population and key informants. A sample size of 395 residents and 10 key informants was calculated using Slovin's formula, ensuring statistical rigor while accounting for the township's population and desired margin of error. Data collection utilized a combination of methods to gather qualitative insights from residents, law enforcement officials, and community stakeholders. Guided questionnaires and interviews were conducted to collect qualitative data, while quantitative data is obtained through analysis of crime reports. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, and measures of central tendency to summarize quantitative data, along with thematic analysis to extract meaningful patterns and themes from qualitative data. The results of the study reveal significant insights into the influence of socioeconomic status on criminality within Mariakani Township. Findings indicate a strong correlation between poverty and social crimes such as vandalism, loitering behavior, and disorderly conduct. Specifically, high levels of socioeconomic deprivation are associated with increased incidence of these social crimes. The study's results underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions aimed at addressing socioeconomic disparities and promoting community well-being in economically deprived communities like Mariakani Township.Publication Open Access EFFECT OF FREQUENCY OF TERROR INCIDENTS ON NATIONAL UNITY AND GOVERNANCE IN LAMU COUNTY, KENYA(International Research Journal of Social Sciences, Education and Humanities, 2024-03-07) Boru, Yaqub Shokole; Gacheru, EvansTerrorism poses a significant global concern, threatening the fabric of societies and governance structures. This research study aimed to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the effect of terror activities on national unity and governance within the unique of Lamu County .The study objective was to evaluate the effect of frequency of terror incidents on national unity and governance in Lamu County. The research employed a mixed-methods research design, integrating qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis techniques. To achieve its objectives, the study randomly selected 100 participants from Lamu County, representing a diverse range of stakeholders including community members, government officials, and religious leaders. The data collection method involved structured questionnaires. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the qualitative data. The findings are expected to inform policy formulation, resource allocation, and community engagement initiatives aimed at fostering resilience, promoting social cohesion, and safeguarding the integrity of governance institutions. Descriptive statistics revealed significant negative effects of terror incidents on various aspects of community life and governance, including diminished sense of unity, heightened fear and anxiety, erosion of trust in local governance structures, and challenges to maintaining law and order. Regression analysis further confirmed the influence of frequency on national unity and governance, explaining 84.3% of the variance in the dependent variable. The findings revealed the multifaceted effect of terrorism on social cohesion and governance effectiveness, highlighting the urgent need for cohesive responses and effective security measures to address these challenges and promote resilience within the community.Publication Open Access Influence of Workplace Ethics on Organizational Performance at the Directorate of Immigration Services, Nairobi, Kenya(Social Science and Humanities Journal, 2024-06-21) Maringa, Nancy Mbindalah; Mungai, PeterAn organization's performance can sometimes be measured by its ethical work climate. Ethical work atmosphere expresses the organization's overall ethical rationale. Thus, a strong ethical culture provides employees with a foundation for thinking through moral quandaries. In the past couple of years, scholars have initiated studies on the subject of ethical climate and its effect on the work environment, performance, and unethical behavior. The overall objective of this study was to examine the influence of workplace ethics on organizational performance: a study of Directorate of immigration Services, Nairobi Kenya. The specific objectives included; to examine ethical leadership and organizational performance at the Directorate of Immigration Services, Nairobi, Kenya, to assess the employee’s commitment and organizational performance at the Directorate of Immigration Services, Nairobi, Kenya, and finally to examine employee behavioral attitudes and organizational performance at the Directorate of Immigration Services, Nairobi, Kenya. The present study was significant because it addressed workplace ethics in relation to organizational performance with special reference to the Directorate of Immigration Services, Nairobi, Kenya. The study applied a qualitative approach that helped the researcher to analyze the ethical behavior of public sector employees. The study utilized the survey research design. This method is often used by small and large organizations to understand and analyze new trends, market demands, and opinions. The study conducted semi-structured face-to-face interviews with open-ended questions and Key Informants interview to examine how workplace ethics influence organizational performance at the Directorate of Immigration Services, Nairobi Kenya. Descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, and analysis of variance were implemented in the investigation. This procedure was executed in the Windows version of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences 29.0. The relationship among variables was assessed using Pearson correlations, which included the attitude of employees and leaders, job satisfaction, job commitment, training, motivation, and performance data. It is primarily employed to examine the relationship between variables. In the event of a missing response, the average procedure is implemented. The interrelationship variables are the social modelling <--> people orientation and ethical guidance <--> people orientation variables, as the result suggests. Consequently, the null hypothesis was denied, and the alternative hypothesis was accepted. The regression equation indicated that ethical leadership has a positive impact on the performance of the organization. Additionally, it was determined that employee commitment is significantly and positively correlated with organizational performance (β=.1579, p=0.013). This was corroborated by a calculated t-statistic of 4.079, which exceeded the critical t-statistic of 1.96. Organizations will enhance their employees' productivity by augmenting their motivation levels. The job commitment (0.562), attitude of employees and leader (0.509), job satisfaction (0.492), and training (0.331) of employees are moderately positively correlated with their performance. All correlations are statistically significant at the 0.01 level. The research suggested that organizations should prioritize their experienced personnel and establish an effective retention policy that includes competitive salaries, experience-based pay, and opportunity for advancement. The results of the study recommended that additional research be conducted to assist management in modifying employee attitudes, as they are the primary strategic asset of any organization. This study was conducted with only selected variables, which is a limitation. It should be expanded to encompass other regions as well.Publication Open Access Influence of customer relationship management on Organizational performance in Bura irrigation scheme, Tana River county, Kenya(African Journal of Social Issues, 2023-03-23) Ahmed, Ismail Hashim; Muhindi, SolomonThe study seeks to determine the influence of customer relationship management on organizational performance in Bura Irrigation Scheme, Tana River County, Kenya. The study adopts a mixed methodology and a descriptive research design was employed. A target population of 102 employees was utilized to determine a sample size of 93 respondents using a stratified random selection technique. Information was gathered through questionnaires. Both closed-ended and open-ended questions were included. Prior to being displayed as tables, the material acquired was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods in SPSS 21 version software. Findings revealed that customer relationship management played a pivotal role, with a deep understanding of customer requirements, effective use of feedback, customer involvement in decision-making, and prioritizing service excellence contributing to overall satisfaction. Conclusively, the study recommends continuous skill development, and ongoing board training to optimize organizational performance. Prioritizing customer satisfaction is recommended for fostering a conducive organizational culture at the Bura Irrigation Scheme.Publication Open Access Influence of Ethical Leadership on Corporate Governance in Commercial Banks in Nakuru East Sub County, Kenya(The International Journal of Humanities & Social Studies, 2024-04) Bare, Abdiaziz Haji; Nyamweya, CharlesIn the present-day business environment, characterized by a faster communication system, managers of a firm cannot afford to engage in unethical practices because of the detrimental effect it can have on a firm but also the negative publicity that it will create and the consequent effect on the value. Ethical leadership provides a pragmatic methodology for influencing organizations' stakeholders, thus harvesting desirable and sustainable organizational outcomes. This is because ethical leaders demonstrate ethical conduct through their actions and also promote such ethical conduct among their followers. The study sought to examine the influence of ethical leadership on corporate governance in commercial banks in Nakuru East Sub-County, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to establish the influence of ethical human resource practices on corporate governance in commercial banks in Nakuru East Sub-County, Kenya; Cross-sectional research design was adopted. The target population comprised of all the 28 commercial banks in Nakuru East Sub-County. A sample of 12 banks was selected using stratified techniques, and then a sample of 108 bank employees will be sampled purposively. Data from the bank employees was collected using questionnaires. The researcher used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22 to measure the correlation analysis and highlight the relationship between the success of ethical leadership and corporate governance in the listed commercial banks in Nakuru East Sub-County, Nakuru. Descriptive statistics involved the use of absolute and relative (percentages) frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion (mean and standard deviation, respectively). Frequency tables and graphs were used to present the data for easy comparison. The study uncovered significant findings regarding the nexus between ethical leadership practices and corporate governance in commercial banks within Nakuru East Sub-county. Notably, ethical human resource practices were found to exert a substantial impact on historical governance. The regression analysis affirmed a robust relationship between ethical leadership variables and corporate governance. The study recommends targeted enhancements in training programs, policy revisions, and stakeholder engagement. These findings contribute valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on ethical leadership in the banking sector, offering practical implications for bolstering corporate governance in financial institutions.Publication Open Access Investigation of Technological Application Implications on Crime Management: A Case of Kisumu East Subcounty Kenya(African Journal of Emerging Issues, 2024-06) Barasa, David Etyang; Muhindi, Solomon P.K.Purpose of the study: This study aims to assess the effects of technological advancement on crime scene processing, crime detection, and crime prevention in Kisumu East Sub- County, Kenya. Statement of the problem: The expression "crime management" has been employed to encompass both actions and outcomes concerning the issue of crime in diverse settings. The study focuses on determining the implications of technological advancements in crime management within the specific context of Kisumu East Sub-County, Kenya. Methodology: Utilizing a descriptive research design, the study collected data from 300 respondents within Kisumu East Sub county, using 169 as its sample size. Data was gathered through a self-administered questionnaire, ensuring respondents' agreement and adhering to ethical standards. SPSS 24 was used for data analysis, employing both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The study found a significant relationship between crime detection and crime prevention, with crime detection showing a strong positive association (F=78.548, p- value=0.000). Crime scene processing also contributed positively, though to a lesser extent (Beta = .127). Conclusion: The study concludes that technological applications significantly impact crime prevention, detection, and crime scene processing in Kisumu East Sub-County, Kenya, highlighting the importance of integrating technology into law enforcement practices. Recommendation: The study recommends that law enforcement agencies in Kisumu East Sub-County prioritize the integration of technological solutions to enhance crime prevention efforts, while also advocating for clear regulations and guidelines to govern the ethical use of technology in crime detection.Publication Open Access Investigation of technological application implications on crime management: a case of Kisumu East sub county Kenya(African Journal of Emerging Issues, 2024-06) Barasa, David Etyang; Muhindi, Solomon P.K.Purpose of the study: This study aims to assess the effects of technological advancement on crime scene processing, crime detection, and crime prevention in Kisumu East SubCounty, Kenya. Statement of the problem: The expression "crime management" has been employed to encompass both actions and outcomes concerning the issue of crime in diverse settings. The study focuses on determining the implications of technological advancements in crime management within the specific context of Kisumu East Sub-County, Kenya. Methodology: Utilizing a descriptive research design, the study collected data from 300 respondents within Kisumu East Sub county, using 169 as its sample size. Data was gathered through a self-administered questionnaire, ensuring respondents' agreement and adhering to ethical standards. SPSS 24 was used for data analysis, employing both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The study found a significant relationship between crime detection and crime prevention, with crime detection showing a strong positive association (F=78.548, pvalue=0.000). Crime scene processing also contributed positively, though to a lesser extent (Beta = .127). Conclusion: The study concludes that technological applications significantly impact crime prevention, detection, and crime scene processing in Kisumu East Sub-County, Kenya, highlighting the importance of integrating technology into law enforcement practices. Recommendation: The study recommends that law enforcement agencies in Kisumu East Sub-County prioritize the integration of technological solutions to enhance crime prevention efforts, while also advocating for clear regulations and guidelines to govern the ethical use of technology in crime detection.Publication Open Access Autocracy and power abuse through characters in inheritance by David Mulwa and an Enemy of The People by Henrik Ibsen(International Journal of Novel Research and Development, 2024-05-05) Wambua, Damaris Mwalale; Mwangi, Peter MuhoroAutocracy and power abuse have become recurring themes in the narratives of post-colonial leadership across numerous countries, often leaving an indelible mark on society. This phenomenon finds resonance in literature, where authors artfully mirror such societal ills by crafting imaginary leadership scenarios using fictional characters. This way, they create vivid images that resonate deeply with readers, offering understanding of the oppressive regimes and their impact on individuals and communities. The current paper undertook a thorough examination of two seminal texts, Inheritance by David Mulwa and An Enemy of the People by Henrik Ibsen, to uncover how these works harness the power of character portrayal to its fullest extent, deftly conveying their intended messages about autocracy and power abuse. The Marxist theory by Karl Marx informed the study, with descriptive research design being used to analyse the qualitative data obtained through textual analysis. Through thematic analysis, the study finds that through contrasting characterizations and interactions, authors demonstrate the consequences of unchecked power and the complexities of navigating systems of oppression. Additionally, characters confront autocracy and the misuse of power through their unwavering commitment to truth and justice, underscoring the importance of individual agency and moral courage in effecting positive change within society. By portraying characters who struggle against oppressive structures and highlighting the consequences of poor leadership, the texts underscore the urgent need for accountability and ethical governance.Publication Open Access Investigation Into Security Strategies on Crime Management by the United Nations Mission in Unity State, South Sudan(Public Policy and Administration Research, 2024-05-30) Teny, R. T. H; Odhiambo, E .O. S.It is historical reality that thousands of people have been exposed to all forms of crimes in communities. Those affected by crime are men, women, children, youth, and some elders and this directly affect economic and social development in Countries. To obtain sustainable peace, it require an essential on the security strategy to formulate to prevent and prosecute the perpetrators thus reducing the number of crimes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the security strategies on crime management by the United Nations mission in Unity State, South Sudan. The study was guided by the social conflict theory explaining the context of the problem. The research methodology and resign was interpretive approach and descriptive survey research design respectively. The study used stratified sampling technique and selects a sample size of 255 respondents. The questionnaires were administered to all the respondents. The data was analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistical methods which include measures of the central tendency mean, mode, standard deviation, and regression analysis. Both SPSS and excel will form the tools of analysis. The frequency tables, pie charts, and bar graphs were used to present the data. The study findings showed that community led, social development, economic dynamics and community dialogue strategies are essential elements in crime management. The government and authorities should develop policies that enhance unique and sustainable strategies to curb crime management provided by the study.Publication Open Access Investigation Into Security Strategies on Crime Management by the United Nations Mission in Unity State, South Sudan(Public Policy and Administration Research, 2024-05-30) Teny, R. T. H.; Odhiambo, E .O. S.It is historical reality that thousands of people have been exposed to all forms of crimes in communities. Those affected by crime are men, women, children, youth, and some elders and this directly affect economic and social development in Countries. To obtain sustainable peace, it require an essential on the security strategy to formulate to prevent and prosecute the perpetrators thus reducing the number of crimes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the security strategies on crime management by the United Nations mission in Unity State, South Sudan. The study was guided by the social conflict theory explaining the context of the problem. The research methodology and resign was interpretive approach and descriptive survey research design respectively. The study used stratified sampling technique and selects a sample size of 255 respondents. The questionnaires were administered to all the respondents. The data was analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistical methods which include measures of the central tendency mean, mode, standard deviation, and regression analysis. Both SPSS and excel will form the tools of analysis. The frequency tables, pie charts, and bar graphs were used to present the data. The study findings showed that community led, social development, economic dynamics and community dialogue strategies are essential elements in crime management. The government and authorities should develop policies that enhance unique and sustainable strategies to curb crime management provided by the studyPublication Open Access Assessment of Ethical Behavior Influence on Institutional Governance in the Public Service Commission of Kenya(Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies, 2024-01) Kamau, Paul; Muhindi, Solomon P. K.The purpose of this study was to provide an assessment of ethical behavior influence on institutional governance in the Public Service Commission (PSC) of Kenya. The concept of ethics continues to receive attention from scholars given that it plays a significant role in augmenting Institutional governance. However, the debate on the influence of ethical behavior on Institutional governance is inconclusive given that the current literature presents varied results. Thus, this study examined the factors influencing adoption of ethical behavior in institutional governance with specific reference to the Public Service Commission of Kenya. The objectives of the study are to: assess the extent to which financial outsourcing strategy influence organizational performance, establish the influence of organizational culture on adoption of ethical behavior, investigate influence of organizational leadership on adoption of ethical behavior, and assess the influence of training on adoption of ethical behavior by Public Service Commission. The study adopted the stewardship theory and virtual-based ethical theory. The study used quantitative methodology research method and a descriptive correlational research design. The population constituted all the employees of the Public Service Commission (N=220). Moreover, the study applied simple random sampling procedures to obtain data from 140 respondents. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires. Preceding data collection, the instruments were piloted to establish their validity and reliability, where Cronbach alpha was applied to establish reliability. On one hand, the expert opinion of the supervisor was essential in establishing validity. On the other hand, SPSS version 24.0 statistical software was used to compute both inferential and descriptive statistics. Data was thus, presented in table forms. The study recommends that offering education seminars and training boost job satisfaction and operational efficiency for organizations. Moreover, organizational culture has a significant influence on ethical behavior in institutional governancePublication Open Access Community Policing Role in Prevention of Terrorist Attacks in Daadab, Garissa County, Kenya(Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies, 2023-04) Opon, Charles; Gacheru, EvansThe purpose of the study was to establish community policing role in prevention of terrorist attacks in Daadab, Garissa County, Kenya. Kenya has witnessed increased operations of terrorist in 21st Century with 2015 Garissa University attack being the most notable one. As a result of terrorism and the outcome emanating from terrorism and counterterrorist actions, the connections (socially) within Garissa and other Counties are similarly impacted. This is especially true in light of the fact that certain initiatives including collaboration among community and the police had resulted in a longer lasting consequences coming from social disconnect, which calls for the need of social interventions. The study adopted descriptive design and the study targeted six wards in Daadab, with each contributing twenty respondents thereby giving a total of 964 respondents and 12 key informants. The sample size was 275 respondents selected by using simple random sampling technique. Questionnaires were used to collect primary data. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation aided by SPSS version 26. The quantitative data was presented by use of tables for clarity purposes. While qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis and then presented in narrative format. The findings drawn from the study revealed that there was positive and significant association between police and community partnership and prevention of terrorist attacks (β) 0.007, t=0.158, p value <0.05). The analysis implied that a unit change in police-community partnership improved prevention of terrorist attacks by 0.007 units when holding other factors constant. The findings also revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between shared problem solving and prevention of terrorist attacks, (β) 0.717, t=22.941, p value >0.05). The analysis implied that a unit change in shared problem-solving affected prevention of terrorist attacks by 0.717 units when holding other factors constant. The study recommends that in shared problem solving, since the community policing is increasingly being utilized in the fight against terrorist activity, the national security organ should focus more effort and resources to have the shared problem-solving approaches fully realized. The government should identify appropriate channel through which the community can be empowered through a selected number of personnel in every village who will have an eye for profiled and suspected terrorist among other ordinary citizens.Publication Open Access Assessment of Effects of Ethnic Conflict on Household Livelihood in Turkana East SubCounty Kenya(Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies, 2023-04) Osuro, John Ochola; Mwangi, Judy W.The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of ethnic conflict on households’ livelihood in Turkana East Sub- County Kenya. The study objectives were to assess the effects of ethnic conflict on access to education in Turkana. The sample size was 298 respondents who were household heads, chiefs and school teachers. Data was collected using guided questionnaires for household heads, interviews schedules with chiefs and school teachers. The data was analyzed using descriptive survey method then presented in the form of tables, and figures. The study found that ethnic conflict contributes to less enrollment of children to school, massive school dropout, poor performance and inability to attend schools. From the findings the study concluded that conflict caused physical displacement of teachers and children, loss of lives, disrupted education programs, burning of schools, school dropout, reduced children enrolment levels, closure of schools and poor performance in Turkana East Sub-County Kenya. The study further recommended that the National Government together with the County Government should work in cohort with the security agency to ensure the right of children are protected and given favorable environment to access and enroll into various schools within the County. There is also need for counselling to the victims of conflict and educational sponsorship programs to the needy children.Publication Open Access The Impact of Al-Shabab Terror Activities on Kenya-Somalia Boarder Security: A Case of Wajir County(International Journal of Science and Research, 2022) Abdullahi, Mohamud MohamedTerrorism and terrorist activities continue to threaten national, boarder and international security not only in the region but also globally. The study is aimed at determining the impact of Al-shabab terror activities in Kenya and Somalia. The objective of the study was to establish how informal militant administration, insurgent road side bomb attacks, suicidal attacks and disruption of government operations affect the Kenya –Somali Boarder Security. The study applied the Constructivist Model of Radicalization and The 3N theory of radicalization to understand the concept of radicalization that explains the Alsh-baba terrorist activities. The researcher adapted a descriptive research design as there are variables which cannot be quantified but can only be described in descriptive statistics. The study population is 74 respondents that included the government of Kenya and Federal Government of Somalia officials at the border towns, the Kenyan and Somalia Police at the Boarder and the Public Administration at the border towns of Kenya - Somalia, boarder immigration staff and the members of joint security committee (Kenya). The study sample was derived from the target population through Slovin’s (2006) formula for sample determination. Stratified sampling method was applied by the study and was select 63 out of 74 targeted respondents. Primary data were the main data used by the study and was collected through the administering of questionnaire to the respondents. Quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and used mean, mode and standard deviation. Quantitative statistics was analyzed through inferential statistics that included Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. This helped to draw conclusion on the relations between variables and the nature of relationship. Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS 23) was used to analyze the collected data while tables, charts and percentages graphs was used for data presentation through the help of Microsoft Excel package. The results from a multiple regression model used in the study indicated that Al-shabab terror activities factors significantly (P<0.000) affected Kenya-Somalia boarder security in Wajir County and that insecurity at the border towns along Kenya-Somalia can be attributed to Al-shabab terror activities. The study recommended that there is need for psychological and theoretical approach to Alshab attacks as it is related radicalization which is as a results of major invalidation of an individual’s construing, there is also need of tightening security loopholes that continue to be taken advantage of by the Alshabab and that there is need for both governments to have a collective policy approach in dealing with Alshaba in the border towns of the two countries.Publication Open Access Assesment of the Implication on National Security in Kenya: A Case of Homegrown Radical Groups in Nairobi County(International Research Journal of Social Sciences, Education and Humanities, 2022) Mucangi, Ndwiga Robert; Karani, WyclfleThis study attempts to illustrate the possible causatives of terrorism that is home-grown that generally concerns the public and the policy makers of Kenya. The notion that every terror attack aims at striking fear on Kenyan and foreign nationals can just be the sole shared denominator. The purpose of this study was to identify the socio-economic factors that influence international radicalization on Kenyan youths in to enable early interventions. The target area is Kenya‘s capital Nairobi which has emerged as a major radicalisation hub for international and domestic terror cells in the last ten years. This research was descriptive research design where the data was collected from the respondents as it occurs in the population using a questionnaire. The study targeted 210 individuals. The study concluded that Some of the social factors include level of education, social identification and network dynamics. We have seen that people are being recruited via social media sites, which are Facebook and twitter. Internet pursues a huge part in increment of radicalization. Environments of work, education institutions, faith-based organizations, prisons, internet and also families contribute to radicalization of these youths. Majority of the unemployed youths tend to be indoctrinated into radicalization because they are idle and they have nothing to do. Economic factors that bring about terrorism include economic deprivation and poverty. Social factors for instance network dynamics and social identification bring about radicalization. Identification with social groups is a particularly accurate predictor of social behavior and is, as such, probably one of the most important intervening factors at the social level. The study recommendations were that there happens to be a necessity of reforming education on religions to adopt reasonable religion, and training the members of the clergy in order to promote reliable religious values. The clerics of Islam are supposed to work in conjunction with the state towards combating radicalization of religion and intense extremism of youths. The security agents should put measures to ensure increased public participation in countering terrorism. This is going to open doors to security agencies for interacting with the civilians and developing a good relationship thus understanding and gaining more insight concerning that community and efficiently gathering intelligence.Publication Open Access Assessment of the Influence of Prisons Service Training Programs on Inmate’s Rehabilitation at Kisumu Maximum Prison: Kenya(The International Journal of Humanities & Social Studies, 2023-04-05) Hassan, Wafula Mukavane F.; Solomon, MuhindiRehabilitation is composed of a number of different types of interventions, which are employed in varying degrees to provide purposeful activity for prisoners. They are to challenge offending behavior, provide basic education to tackle illiteracy and innumeracy and equip prisoners with life and work skills. The Prison Service in Kenya is charged with the task of rehabilitating inmates as they serve their sentences within the confines of the prison homes. The Prison service mandate is to contain offenders in safe custody, rehabilitate and reform them, facilitate the administration of justice, and promote prisoners' opportunities for social reintegration. It is hoped that the information obtained through the study may help come up with prison service policies for inmates and create rehabilitation programs relevant to the needs of individual inmates. This study was based on Psychoanalytic Theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The research was carried out in Kisumu Maximum prison, Kisumu County. The study uses a sample size of 25 respondents. The study concludes that inmate's rehabilitation is multi-faceted and a product of many programs, such as vocational skills training, educational programs, socio-psychological programs, and spiritual and agricultural programs, among other roles, since prisons are places of rehabilitation. The study recommends what may be adopted to enhance proper rehabilitation measures for incarcerated inmates among the offender population in Kenya. The study also proposes to institute some recommendations that would be important to the prison department, other security agencies, intelligence operatives, and other researchers in the domain of international security.Publication Open Access Dynamics of Women’s Participation in Politics on Governance in the National Assembly of Kenya: a case of the 12th Parliament(Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies, 2024-03) Kajuju, Florence; Muchemi, JoyceDespite achieving autonomy, Kenyan women have constantly faced marginalization in the nation's affairs, leading to insufficient recognition of their desires and aspirations. The 2013 World Youth Report. Although women make up a major portion of the population, their participation in the political sphere in Kenya remains notably insufficient, with an overall engagement rate of 18% reported across time. The current study sought to investigate the influence of women's involvement in politics on governance in Kenya. A descriptive research design was utilized for the investigation. Considering that the purpose of the study was to determine the impact that women's participation in politics has on governance, the selection of this research design was influenced by that objective. The study found that women faced difficulty in obtaining leadership positions within the parties, as indicated by a low mean score of µ=2.3. The survey found that the recruitment of women into political parties was not fair, with an average grade of µ=2.48. Most female legislators asked believe that the Kenyan constitution supports women's involvement in politics, as well as the two-thirds gender rule, with mean scores of µ= 4.35 and µ=4.0, respectively. Affirmative action policies were seen necessary with a mean of µ=4.35, while the National Government Affirmative Action Fund was considered useful with a mean of µ=4.09. Electing women to political posts was challenging, as shown by a mean of 1.78 and a standard deviation of 0.98. The study concludes that women's involvement in politics has an impact on governance in Kenya. The descriptive data indicate that women's engagement in politics positively impacts transparency and accountability, with an average mean of µ=3.9, comparable to 78%. Women MPs had a mean score of 3.87 for enhancing accountability, and a mean score of 3.83 for improving openness in the country's government. The Netherlands Institute of Multiparty Democracy (2019) found that data strongly supports the idea that women's participation in political processes benefits their communities, societies, and promotes peace, stability, and leadership. According to the findings of the study, the Kenya Women Parliamentarian Association (KEWOPA) should take the initiative to review the National Gender Policy in order to reflect new concerns on gender mainstreaming, the sensitization of more women to join political parties, and elective politics. In addition, political parties in Kenya ought to raise the quotas that are established for women members inside the parties in order to ensure that a greater number of women are allowed to join political parties. Female members of parliament who have been elected or nominated ought to give serious consideration to organizing initiatives that encourage more women to enter politics. As a last point of discussion, political parties in Kenya ought to improve the processes of openness and fairness in the nomination process in order to guarantee that women are not subjected to discriminationPublication Open Access The Impact of Somalia-Turkey Cooperation on Advancement of Somali International Political Representation(International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2023-03-15) Hassan, Omar; Ndalila ,Joseph; Abdulrahman ,Manswab MahsenAbstract- Somalia’s issues in politics, the economy and the military have painted a negative picture to the rest of the world as a failed state making it miss out a lot on international trade and political participation. However, Turkey has been a saving grace entering into a bilateral relationship with Somalia. The study was on the impact of Somalia-Turkey cooperation on advancement of Somali international political representation. It was important to examine the significance of Somalia-Turkey political cooperation on advancement of Somali international political representation, also the ramifications of the Somalia-Turkey bilateral trade cooperation on the advancement of Somali international political representation. Finally, the consequences of Somalia-Turkey military cooperation on advancement of Somali international political representation. The target population was purely obtained from the Turkish embassy, Mogadishu, Somalia. The research design was a case study that utilized a mixed methodology. The qualitative data came from the face to face interviews and document reviews while the quantitative data came from the questionnaires offered based on the Likert Scales that were added. The findings indicated that Turkey positively assisted in Somalia’s international representationPublication Metadata only Influence of Private Security Firms Operations on Crime Management in Village Market, Westland Sub-County, Nairobi County, Kenya(Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies, 2023-07-08) Kisingu, P; Muhindi, S