Thesis:

Assessment of commercial motorcyclists’ motivators into crime indulgence in Malaba town, Busia County, Kenya

The factors influencing individuals to engage in criminal activities are a major global concern, with various elements contributing to such behavior. In Kenya, the increasing involvement of commercial motorcyclists in crime has raised alarm, particularly in Malaba Town, Busia County. While the boda boda sector provides vital employment opportunities, especially for the youth, it has also become associated with rising insecurity in the region. This study explored the key factors motivating criminal involvement among commercial motorcycle operators, aiming to inform policy interventions that can enhance public safety and reduce crime. It examined how socioeconomic challenges such as financial hardship, lack of alternative employment, and limited education contribute to criminal behavior. These pressures may compel some operators to engage in crime as a means of survival. The study also assessed the influence of commercial motorcyclists on public perceptions of safety. Operators can shape trust among road users, particularly in high-crime zones, either enhancing or undermining the community’s sense of security. Additionally, the study evaluated the effectiveness of law enforcement in deterring crime among boda boda operators. Weak policing, corruption, and delayed responses were found to reduce the impact of enforcement efforts. Grounded in Rational Choice Theory and Routine Activity Theory, the study adopted a mixedmethods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection. Surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions were conducted with commercial motorcyclists, passengers, law enforcement officers, government representatives, and community leaders. Stratified and random sampling were used to select a representative sample, while purposive sampling identified key informants. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, and qualitative data were coded and analyzed thematically using NVivo software. The findings revealed strong correlations between socio-economic status, public safety perceptions, substance abuse, and involvement in criminal behavior. Regression analysis confirmed that financial hardship and insecurity were significant predictors of crime. While effective policing could reduce criminal activity, its impact was weakened by systemic flaws, including corruption and limited law enforcement presence. The study concludes that addressing crime in the boda boda sector requires a multi-faceted approach. Recommendations include improving socio-economic conditions, expanding employment opportunities, increasing law enforcement visibility and integrity, and addressing substance abuse. These steps are critical in restoring public trust, reducing crime, and supporting sustainable urban development. The findings provide actionable insights for policymakers, security agencies, and community stakeholders. They underscore the importance of targeted interventions and institutional reforms to create safer communities and rebuild confidence in commercial transport services in Malaba Town.