Thesis:

A comprehensive assessment of illegal activities in forest management in Mount Elgon forest Bungoma County, Kenya

The study conducted a comprehensive assessment of illegal activities in Cheptais Forest and Kaberua Forest within the larger Mount Elgon Forest in Bungoma, Kenya. The focus was on evaluating the nature of illegal activities, examining contributing factors, assessing their effects on ecological integrity and biodiversity, and identifying strategies for improved forest management practices to mitigate and prevent these activities. The study was guided by rational choice theory and ecological theories, focusing on individuals comprising forest officials, local communities residing near the forest, law enforcement agencies, conservation organizations, and other relevant actors involved in forest conservation, protection, and management. A stratified sampling approach was used to ensure representation from different stakeholders in Mount Elgon, with a sample size of 320 individuals. Data were collected using multiple research instruments, including guided questionnaires for local community members. Interviews were conducted with key informants such as law enforcement officials, environmental activists, researchers, and local authorities. Additionally, direct observations were employed to gather first-hand information on illegal activities and their impacts on forest ecosystems. Quantitative data from the questionnaires was analysed through SPSS version 26. Qualitative data from interviews and observations were analyzed thematically to identify patterns and key findings. Findings highlighted the pervasive issue of illegal activities in Mount Elgon Forest, with illegal logging identified as the most frequent and damaging activity, significantly impacting the forest's ecological integrity and the livelihoods of local communities. Key drivers of these illicit activities included socio-economic disparities, weak governance, and environmental degradation. The study suggested a comprehensive strategy for Mount Elgon Forest, emphasizing improved law enforcement, stricter penalties, enhanced surveillance, and community engagement in forest management. Capacity-building and awareness campaigns for locals on sustainable practices , policy reforms and collaboration with NGOs and government bodies would establish a supportive conservation framework.